Determinación de composición corporal mediante análisis de impedancia segmentada: consideraciones y aplicaciones prácticas / Determination of body composition by segmental bioeletrical impedance analysis: considerations and practical applications

Introduction: Bioelectrical impedance is a fast, inexpensive, easy, portable, and noninvasive method. A major innovation in the analysis of body composition is segmental bioelectrical impedance. Objectives: To assess the applicability of segmental bioelectrical impedance. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on female subjects divided into two groups: Group I (n =8) consisted of healthy women and group II (n=25) of obese women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). All subjects were submitted to examination by total and segmental bioelectrical impedance. Results and discussion: Anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, total lean mass and total fat mass) showed significant differences between groups. There was a significant difference between groups I and II for all body segments evaluated, except for lean mass of the leg. Conclusion: Procedures of segmental bioelectrical impedance will be increasingly useful in the nutritional assessment of tissue masses, enabling assessment that is more sensitive and monitoring of nutritional care.

Introdução : A impedância bioelétrica é um método rápido, barato, fácil, portátil e nao invasivo. Urna grande inovação na análise da composição corporal é a Impedância Bioelétrica Segmentar. Objetivos: Avahar a aplicabilidade da impedância bioelétrica segmentar. Sujetos e Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com individuos do sexo feminino, divididos em: Group I (n=8) composto por mulheres eutróficas e o Group II (n=25) mulheres obesas com Síndrome do Ovario Policístico (SOP). Todos os individuos foram submetidos ao exame de impedância bioelétrica total e segmentar. Resultados e discussão : Os parâmetros antropométricos de peso, IMC, massa magra total e massa gorda total apresentaram diferencas significativas entre os groups. Houve diferenca significativa para todos os segmentos corporais avahados, com exceção da massa magra da perna entre o group I e II. Conclusão : Procedimentos de impedância bioelétrica segmentar serão cada vez mais úteis na avaliação nutricional de massas teciduais, possibilitando avaliações e monitoramentos mais sensíveis do cuidado nutricional.

Metabolic and nutritional interfaces in polycystic ovary syndrome: considerations regarding obesity and dietary macronutrients / Interfaces nutricionales y metabólicas en el síndrome del ovario policístico: el papel de la, obesidad y de los macronutrientes de la dieta

El Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) es un desorden endocrino que ocurre entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se caracteriza por irregularidad menstrual, anovulación crónica, infertilidad e hiperandrogenismo. La prevalencia de la obesidad es alta entre mujeres con el SOP y sus causas aún no están esclarecidas. Anormalidades en el gasto energético y en la respuesta disminuida de las hormonas gastrointestinales responsables por el control de la ingestión alimentaria, especialmente la grelina son posibles hipótesis para explicar la obesidad asociada al SOP. Los efectos de la composición dietética en el SOP aún están poco explorados. Es posible que los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) mejoran la sensibilidad insulínica y que dietas hiperproteicas potencializan la pérdida de peso y mejoran la función reproductiva. Sin embargo, las evidencias actuales no son suficientes para determinar las características dietéticas mas adecuadas para el SOP. La conducta dietética debe enfocar la pérdida de peso con dietas nutricionalmente completas y balanceadas.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women at reproductive age. Its classical form is characterized by menstrual irregularities, chronic anovulation, infertility, and hyperandrogenism. The prevalence of obesity is high among women with POS and its causes have not been fully clarified. Hypotheses have been raised suggesting the possible presence of both abnormal energy expenditure and a reduced response of the gastrointestinal hormones responsible for the control of food ingestion, especially ghrelin. The specific effects of diet composition on POS have been little explored. It has been suggested that po-lyunsaturated fatty acids may improve insulin sensitivity and that high-protein diets may potentiate weight loss and improve reproductive function. However, current evidence is insufficient to determine the optimum composition of a diet for POS patients. The dietary conduct should focus on weight loss to be achieved with nutritionally complete and balanced diets.